Evaluation and Retrofitting of Building Foundations



1.1 Introduction

Generally, in the case where any of such damages as differential sedimentation, inclination, cracks, and defects has been caused to foundations by an earthquake or consolidation settlement, a survey on the integrity of foundations is required. Great attentions should be paid to the sites, which may involve the risk of liquefaction or a settlement disaster, even if no differential settlement has been actually occurred. Nevertheless, for existing buildings, the actually-occurring phenomena such as differential settlement and inclination of the buildings and cracks in the foundation members tend to attract greater attention than the results of evaluations based on design calculation. In contrast, recently, precast piles and improved soil materials have been increasingly used in housing renewal and therefore, the supporting performance of precast piles needs to be confirmed.


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