Effects of Formwork Surface Materials on Concrete Lateral Pressure





1. Introduction

Formwork must support all loads (dead, imposed,

environmental and other loads), which may be applied

until these loads can be carried by the concrete structure

itself. Determining the lateral pressure on vertical formwork

surfaces and the influencing variables of pressure

has been an important issue [1,2]. In cast-in-place reinforced

concrete building construction, formwork expenses

can be as high as 50% of the total cost of the

reinforced concrete structure [3].

In conventional construction, wood formwork surface

are sometimes watered before placing concrete.

This causes some changes in water/cement ratio of the

concrete, on friction resistance between formwork and





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