In the scope of this book a combined pile-raft foundation (CPRF) is consid- ered to be a foundation where the capacity of the foundation is assessed for the foundation as a whole, i.e. piles and raft are not considered separately with respect to capacity and no separate factors of safety are applied for these two components of the foundation. This approach is the underlying basis of the German “KPP-Richtlinie” (DGGT 2001), a guideline for the design, dimensioning and construction of piled rafts (CPRF; in German: Kombinierte Pfahl-Plattengründung/KPP) which was developed taking into account the experiences gained with piled rafts in Frankfurt in the 1980s and 1990s (Section 1.3). The design philosophy of the German “KPP-Richtlinie” has been adopted more or less one-to-one in the ISSMGE Combined Pile- Raft Foundation Guideline (ISSMGE TC 212 2013) which will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3.


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